PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.